From steveh@hpcvra.CV.HP.COM Mon Apr 30 18:54:12 1990
From: steveh@hpcvra.CV.HP.COM (Steve Harper)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.handhelds
Subject: Morse code practice for the HP48SX
Date: 25 Apr 90 20:20:18 GMT
Organization: Hewlett-Packard Co., Corvallis, OR, USA
I have received a request to post the morse code practice
program for the HP48SX which I wrote and placed on the HP
BBS... So, here is the documentation with the program
immediately following. Good Luck!
Steve
CW: A Morse Code Practice Program for the HP-48SX
CW is a directory containing several programs and variables which
comprise a capable Morse code practice system for the user. The
program can send code using the beeper at speeds slightly over 20
words per minute continuously, without encountering delays due to
calculator "garbage collection". The user can set the overall
speed and element speed independently, or can manually set the
timing and delay for each element type. The program will create,
send, and display five character random code groups, or the user
can store any size string in a variable to be sent and displayed
manually. The following descriptions explain the programs and
variables and their use.
CGR (Code GRoups) is a program which creates a string of 25 five
character random groups, sends them using the present speed
parameters, and then displays them so the user can check his
copy. The characters are selected from a string in CGR
which contains all the characters and prosigns used in amateur
radio license tests. If the user wishes to practice only certain
characters, this string can be changed with 'CGR' RCL EDIT or 'CGR'
VISIT and the groups will then include only the characters from
the modified string.
SPD (SPeeD) is a program which calculates and sets the various
parameters affecting the timing of each type of element. The
program prompts the user for the overall speed in words per
minute and the element speed, also in words per minute. After
entering these two numbers on the stack, the user presses [LSHFT]
CONT and the program stores values in ST, LT, ET, CT, and WT.
SPD will not signal an error if speeds are set too high or if
element speed is less than overall speed, but one of the values
in ST, LT, etc. will be set to zero or negative and CWO will halt
or hang. Calculator speed and overhead as well as time to do
the garbage collect operation limit the speed to slightly more
than 20 wpm if overall and element speeds are the same. If
the element speed is set faster than the overall speed, somewhat
higher speeds can be reached, 26 wpm overall with 29 wpm element
speed being about the maximum in any case. The speed will be
quite accurate, within 1% or so in most cases. The user can
measure the speed if desired by storing the string
"paris paris paris ..." in TXT and using a stopwatch to time from
the first element of a word to the same first element a few words
later. Divide the number of words timed by the number of seconds
on the stopwatch and then multiply that by 60 to obtain the speed
in words per minute.
CWO (CW Output) is the program which actually sends the Morse
code using the beeper. CWO sends the characters contained in the
string TXT. TXT is set and CWO is called automatically by the
CGR program, but the user can set TXT and then execute CWO
manually to practice something other than random code groups.
DSP (DiSPlay) is a program which displays a screenful of
characters from the TXT string. CGR calls this program to
display the code groups it creates and sends. If TXT is more
than one screen long, DSP halts after each successive screen.
The user can view the next screen by pressing [LSHFT] CONT.
TXT (TeXT) is a variable which contains a string which will
be sent as Morse code by the CWO program. Any ACSII character
with decimal code 32 through 128 can be contained in TXT.
Characters that have no representation in Morse code will be
sent as a space. Note that some of the radio prosigns which
have no representation in ASCII have been placed on some of
those characters. For a listing of these, see the CODE
variable. Note that lower case characters are folded into
upper case.
CODE (CODE) is a variable which contains a list of short
programs, one for each character. CWO disassembles this list
on the stack before sending so that it can access the
character codes much more quickly than by other methods.
Prosigns which have no associated ASCII character are rather
arbitrarily placed on the following characters:
understood (SN) !
error (HH) #
paragraph (AL) *
starting signal (KA) [
wait (AS) \
end of work (SK) ]
ST (Short Time) is a numeric variable containing the basic
element (dit) time in seconds, normally set at 1.2/WPM.
LT (Long Time) is a numeric variable containing the longer
element (dah) time, set at 3*ST.
ET (interElement Time) is a numeric variable containing the
delay time between elements. This is generally set at the
same value as ST, less the calculator overhead time between
elements, .04 sec.
CT (Character Time) is a numeric variable containing the
delay time between characters. This is usually set to the
same value as LT, adjusted for various calculator overhead
times in the program.
WT (Word Time) is a numeric variable containing the delay
time between words. This is normally set to 7*ST, adjusted
for various calculator overhead delays.
FR (FRequency) is the frequency in hertz of the beeper.
Set at 500 hertz, but the user may store any value which
suits individual taste.
S (Short beep) is a program which actually sends a single
dit element. The user will not use this program.
L (Long beep) is a program which actually sends a single
dah element. The user will not use this program.
W (Word wait) is a program which generates the delay for
a space character. The user will not use this program.
%%HP: T(3)A(D)F(.);
DIR
CGR
\<< "" 1 25
START 1 5
START
"+,./0123456789=?ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ]"
RAND OVER SIZE * IP
1 + DUP SUB +
NEXT " " +
NEXT 'TXT'
STO CWO DSP
\>>
SPD
\<<
"Enter overall wpm and
element wpm, then CONT"
PROMPT 1.2 SWAP /
'ST' STO ST 3 *
'LT' STO ST .04 -
'ET' STO 60 SWAP /
31 ST * - 19 ET * +
19 / 'WT' STO WT 3
* ET 4 * - .04 -
.117 - 'CT' STO
\>>
CWO
\<< CLEAR CODE
OBJ\-> TXT 1 OVER
SIZE
FOR I MEM
DROP DUP I DUP SUB
NUM 29 - PICK EVAL
CT WAIT
NEXT CLEAR
\>>
DSP
\<< 0 TXT SIZE
154 /
FOR S
IF S
THEN HALT
END S 154 *
1 + 1 7
FOR N 22 +
TXT OVER DUP 22 -
SWAP 1 - SUB N DISP
NEXT 3
FREEZE DROP
NEXT
\>>
TXT
"PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS PARIS "
